Problem 10.21

Since the calculations have to be done five times, I will list the formulas and do the calculations on a spreadsheet.
Steps:


| I | 3.52E+04 | (mm4) | ||
| E | 70 | (Gpa) | ||
| strut | Le (m) | comment | Pcr (kN) | Pall (kN) |
| 1 | 2.0 | both ends pinned | 6.077 | 2.642 |
| 2 | 4.0 | one fixed end, one free end | 1.519 | 0.661 |
| 3 | 1.0 | both ends fixed | 24.309 | 10.569 |
| 4 | 1.4 | one fixed end, one pinned end | 12.403 | 5.392 |
| 5 | 2.0 | both ends pinned | 6.077 | 2.642 |