Switch and LED Circuits

Here is how one can wire a switch that selects 5 or 0 volts. Switch

There are 1k ohm resistors that one can use. Also there is a sip resistor package that one can use for the 1k pull up resistors as I did. It has 10 pins in a row with the number 1K on it and it contains 9 resistors of value 1k each. The sip package is next to the switches in this picture. Notice that the common pin (pin 1) goes to 5 volts and not a switch. The common pin is on the left when looking at the label. Notice the orange wire connecting the common pin to 5 volts. Another way to find pin 1 is to measure the resistance between pin 1 & 2 and between 9 & 10. The resistance between pin 1 & 2 is half that between 9 & 10.

sip resistor package
sip & switches wired - angle view
sip & switches wired - top view

LED
To get a resistor in the range of 300 to 500 ohms one can take 2 or 3 1k ohm resistors in parallel. This is not so good if you need to run 8 LEDs. Instead use the 16 pin dip resistor bank. It looks like an IC chip with the number R470 on it. Pin 1 is connected to pin 16 via a 470 ohm resistor.
dip resistor package
dip & LEDs wired up - angle view
dip & LEDs wired up - top view

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